Rhythm
•In
Poetry, Rhythm refers to the way the sound of a poem moves in a general sense
either in part or through its whole length (Wainwright, 2004; 58)
•Rhythm
is refers to any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound. (Perrine, 1977; 180)
•Most
often when we speak of the rhythm of a poem we mean the recurrences of stresses
and pauses in it (Kennedy and Gioia 2002; 189)
Syllables:
Stressed and Slack
Words
come with syllables in the speaking. A
stress (or accent) is a greater amount of force given to one syllable in
speaking than is given to another (a slack) (Kennedy and Gioia
2002; 189)
Meter/Metre
•Metre is
more specific (than rhythm) and refers to a set pattern which recurs line by
line (Wainwright, 2004; 58).
•Meter
is the kind of rhythm we can tap our foot to (Perrine, 1977; 180).
•Metre (is)
the rhythmic pattern (Lennard
2006; 3).
Prosody
•Prosody
is the study of metrical structures in poetry.
•In
prosody, we try to be aware of the meter. To be aware of the meter, we need
only listen to a poem or sound its words to ourselves.
•If we
want to understand what the poet is trying to say, we scan a line or a poem by
indicating the stresses in it. This is Scansion.
Scansion
•Scansion
is not just a matter of pointing the syllables; it is also a matter of
listening to a poem and making sense of it.
•The
idea in scanning a poem is to make a diagram of the stresses and the slacks we
find in it.
•The
marks are ᵕ and ‘ .
Types
of Meter
•The iamb,
consisting of two syllables, only the second accented (as in
"good-bye")
•The trochee, two
syllables, only the first accented (as in "awful")
•The anapest,
three syllables, with only the third stressed (as in "Halloween")
•The dactyl, one
stressed syllable followed by two unstressed (as in "wonderful")
•The spondee, two
consecutive syllables that are both stressed (as in "big deal")
Lengths of Quantitative Line
•Monometer
one foot
•Dimeter two
feet
•Trimeter three
feet
•Tetrameter four
feet
•Pentameter five
feet
•Hexameter six
feet
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